Formulas & definitions (list)

Explanation of items and the used formulas within the ValueModel

Quick jump to: P&L – Supplemental – BS: Assets – BS: Liabilities

P&L (YE Dec, CNY m)

Profit and loss section of the income statement.

14. Revenue

Definition: Revenue is also referred to as Sales. The accumulation of sales of all of the different products and services of a business

Formula: (1 + Revenue growth (%)) x Previous year’s Revenue

Forecast: Forecast by applying a growth rate to prior year’s sales

 

15. Cost of goods & services

Definition: Sum of the costs directly attributable to producing the products for sale

Formula: (1 – Gross profit margin (%)) x Revenue

Forecast: A change in the revenue growth (%) or the gross profit margin (%)

 

16. Gross profit

Definition: The first measure of profit in a business, showing what is left over after all costs directly attributed to making the products have been deducted.

Formula: Revenue – Cost of goods & services

Forecast: A change in the revenue growth (%) or the gross profit margin (%)

 

17. Sales, general & administrative expenses (SG&A)

Definition: Sum of the costs related to marketing and selling products and administering the business apart from COGS

Formula: SG&A/Sales (%) x Revenue

Forecast: SG&A as a percentage of the current year’s Revenue. SG&A-to-Sales ratio is given by dividing the SG&A by Sales, and this ratio from previous years can be a guide.

 

18. Other operating (expense)/income

Definition: Income or expense not related to the company’s core business operations

Formula: Other non-operating inc/(exp) (%) x other non-operating inc/(exp) from previous period

Forecast: A growth rate in other non-operating inc/(exp) compared to the previous period

 

19. Earnings before interest & taxes (EBIT)

Definition: EBIT is profit after deducting all operating expenses (COGS, SG&A and Other operating expenses). It is also referred to as Operating profit

Formula: Gross profit – SG&A – Other operating (expense)/income

Changes in forecast variables that affect Revenue and operating costs

 

20. Interest expenses

 Definition: Non-operating expense that represents interest paid on all types of interest-bearing borrowing

Formula: (Interest rate – Paid (%) x Average ending LT debt from current to previous year) + Previous year’s Overdraft & Short-term debt

Forecast: A change in the LT borrowing growth (%), Current portion of LT debt/Total LT debt (%) or Interest rate – Paid (%)

 

21. Interest income

Definition: Interest earned on cash and other investments held at banks

Formula: Interest rate – Earned (%) x Previous year’s Cash & ST investments

Forecast: Adjust the percentage of interest expected to be earned on Cash & ST investments. Forecasting variables that have an impact on the size of Cash & ST investments

 

22. Other non-operating income/(expense)

Definition: Income or expense that is not related to the company’s core business operations

Formula: Other non-operating income/(exp) (%) x Previous year’s Other non-operating income/(expense)

Forecast: By applying a growth rate to prior year’s Other non-operating income/(expense)

 

23. Earnings before taxes (EBT)

Definition: EBT is the money earned by the firm before deducting the tax expenses

Definition: EBIT – Int expenses + Int income + other non-operating income/(expense)

Forecast: Changes in forecast variables that affect interest expense, interest income and other non-operating income/(expense)

 

24. Income tax

Definition: Corporate income tax paid for the period

Formula: Effective tax rate (%) x Earnings before taxes (EBT)

Forecast: A change in corporate income tax due to government policy

 

25. Earnings after taxes (EAT)

Definition: EAT is profit after deducting corporate income tax

Formula: Earnings before taxes (EBT) – Income tax

Forecast: Changes in forecast variables that affect Revenue, expenses and income tax

 

26. Equity income from associates

Definition: Income generated from investments in other companies where the company owns more than 20% of the shares outstanding in that company but less than 50% thus it is without controlling power—associate. If more than 50% is owned, so the company has a controlling interest, the investment is a subsidiary.

Formula: P&L equity income/BS LT investment (%) x Previous year’s LT investments

Forecast: The change in percentage of equity income from associates to LT investment

 

27. Minority interest

Definition: The profit or loss attributable to the minority owners is adjusted in the minority interest. Also known as non-controlling interest, it is the portion of a subsidiary’s stocks that is not owned by the parent company.

Formula: Minority interest/net profit excluding minority interest (%) x (Earnings after taxes (EAT) + Equity income from associates + Foreign exchange gain/(loss) before tax + Exceptional items before tax)

Forecast: A change in P&L equity income/BS LT investment (%)

 

28. Earnings from continuing operations

Definition: Profit that is earned from ongoing and recurring business operations

Formula: Earnings after taxes (EAT) + Equity income from asssociates – Minority interest

Forecast: Any forecast variables that have an affect on the P&L statement as above  except the foreign exchange gain/(loss) before tax and Exceptional items before tax

 

29. Foreign exchange gain/(loss) before tax

Definition: Unrealized gain or loss on currency caused by a change in exchange rate before tax deduction

Formula: (1 + Foreign exchange gain/(loss) growth (%)) x Previous year’s Foreign exchange gain/(loss)  Forecast: A growth rate of Foreign exchange gain/(loss) growth (%)

 

30. Exceptional items before tax

Definition: Gain or loss that is unpredictable and unlikely to happen again. Also referred to as one-off items or extra ordinary items

Formula: (1 + Exceptional items growth (%)) x Previous year’s Exceptional items

Forecast: Forecast by applying an Exceptional items growth to prior year’s exceptional items

 

31. Net profit

Definition: Showing the final profit that is left to be kept as retained earnings and/or distributed to the owners

Formula: Earnings from continuing operations – Foreign exchange gain/(loss) before tax – Exceptional items before tax

Forecast: Any forecast variables for P&L that will effect on the net profit

 

Supplemental (YE Dec, CNY m)

The supplemental section is an additional information for P&L statement that focuses on after-tax items.

 

Operating profit ex depre:

36. Operating profit (EBIT)

Definition: EBIT, see P&L above

Formula: P&L Earnings before interest & taxes (EBIT)

Forecast: Changes in forecast variables that affect Revenue and operating costs

 

37. Depre & Amort

Definition: Depreciation and amortization are methods to distribute the cost of an asset throughout the asset’s life. E.g. You buy an asset for 100 and it shuld be linearly depreciated over 10 years. In year 1 the depreciation is 10, in year 2 the depreciation is 10,…,until year 10 when the asset will be fully depreciated and have 0 value in the balance sheet

Formula: Depreciation + Amortization

Forecast: A change in Gross fixed asset growth (%) or Average years assets are depreciated

 

38. Earnings bef int, taxes, depre & amor (EBITDA)

Definition: EBIT + adding back Depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is about measuring the operational performance of the company. It excludes the impact from decisions related to financing, accounting, and tax as the company may not have control over it or it’s not

Formula: Operating profit (EBIT) + Depre & Amort

Forecast: All forecast variables that have an impact on the Revenue, Operating costs and Depre & Amort

 

Recurring profit calculation:

40. Earnings derived from reported FDEPS

Definition: FDEPS = Fully Diluted Earnings Per Share. The Earnings or Net profit is calculated in this way to account for potential share dilution, i.e. the number of outstanding shares have increased. More shares leads to less earnings per share, keeping earnings constant.

Formula: P&L Net profit

Forecast: Any forecast variables for P&L will affect on the net profit same as in P&L statement

 

41. Add: Exceptional items after tax

Definition: See Exceptional items before tax in P&L above. Here it has been adjusted for income tax.

Formula: (-) P&L Exceptional items x (1 – Effective tax rate (%))

Forecast: A change in Effective tax rate (%) or Exceptional items growth (%)

 

42. Recurring profit before forex adjustment

Definition: Profit that is predictable and/or likely to continue, before adjustments related to currency exchange rates

Formula: Earning derived from reported FDEPS + Exceptional items after tax

Forecast: Forecast variables that effect on Net profit, Exceptional items and Effective tax rate (%)

 

43. Add: Foreign exchange loss/(gain) after tax

Definition: The Foreign exchange gain/(loss) from P&L above but adjusted for income tax

Formula: (-) P&L Forex gain/ (loss) before tax x (1 – Effective tax rate (%))

Forecast: A forecast variable that has impact on the Foreign exchange gain/(loss) before tax item in P&L statement, which will be Foreign exchange gain/(loss) growth (%)

 

44. Recurring profit after tax

Definition: Company’s profit after tax that is predictable and/or likely to continue

Formula: Recurring profit before forex adjustment + Foreign exchange gain/(loss) before tax

Forecast: Changes in Effective tax rate or all forecast variables that effect on the items on the supplemental of P&L statement

 

Balance sheet: Assets (YE Dec, CNY m)

Resources owned by a company which are expected to produce future economic benefits.

 

47. Cash & short-term investments

Definition: The amount of cash the company has in its accounts and short-term investments that are considered very liquid and can quickly be turned into cash

Formula: Cash & short-term investment/sales (%) x Revenue

Forecast: A change in Cash & short-term investment/sales (%)

 

48. Accounts receivable

Definition: The payment amount held by a business for goods or services that clients have not yet paid for, i.e. unpaid invoices that the company has outstanding to its clients

Formula: Receivables collection period (Days)/360 x Revenue

Forecast: A change in Receivables collection period (Days)

 

49. Inventory

Definition: Raw materials and supplies, products that are in production, and finished goods. This part of the company’s assets is expected to be ready or soon be ready to be sold.

Formula: Inventory conversion period (Days)/360 x Cost of goods & services

Forecast: Changes in Inventory conversion period (Days) or Cost of goods & services

 

50. Other current assets

Definition: Other assets that are considered liquid and could be converted into cash within a year

Formula: Other current assets/sales (%) x Revenue

Forecast: Other current assets as a percentage of the current year’s Revenue. Other current assets-to-Sales ratio is given by dividing the Current assets by Sales, and this ratio from previous years can be a guidance.

 

51. Total current assets

Definition: The total value of all liquid assets that can be turned into cash within one year

Formula: Cash & short-term investment + Account receivable + inventory + Other current assets

Forecast: All forecast variables that effect on the current asset items as above

 

52. Long-term investments

Definition: The company’s investments that tend to be held for more than a year, e.g. investments in stocks (can be ownership in associates), bonds, real estate

Formula: Net new long term investment (local currency) + Previous year’s Long-term investment

Forecast: A change in Net new long-term investment (local currency)

 

53. Begin gross fixed assets

Definition: Gross fixed assets from previous year

Formula: Previous year’s Gross fixed assets

 

54. Capital expenditures (CAPEX)

Definition: Funds used to invest in new projects, buy or upgrade physical assets, e.g. property, plants, and equipment.

Formula: It will automatically adjust the value in the model and highlight it in black

Forecast: It will automatically adjust the value in the model and it highlighted in black. But a change in Gross fixed asset (%) will effect on this item

 

55. Other fixed asset changes

Definition: Other changes in fixed assets that is not CAPEX

Formula: It will automatically adjust the value in the model and it highlighted in black

Forecast: –

 

56. Net change in gross fixed assets

Definition: Sum of CAPEX and Other fixed asset changes

Formula: Capital expenditures (CAPEX) – Other fixed asset changes

Forecast: Automatically calculate with changes in Capital expenditures (CAPEX) or Other fixed asset changes

 

57. Gross fixed assets

Definition: The ending value of gross fixed assets before Depreciation

Formula: Begin gross fixed asset – Net change in gross fixed assets

Forecast: A change in Gross fixed asset growth (%)

 

58. Begin accumulated depreciation

Definition: Beginning accumulated depreciation is the net accumulated depreciation from previous years. E.g. You buy an asset for 100 and it should be linearly depreciated over 10 years. In year 1 the depreciation is 10, in year 2 the depreciation is 10, if we now are in Year 3 the beginning accumulated depreciation is Year 1 depreciation + Year 2 depreciation = 20

Formula: Previous year’s Accumulated depreciation

Forecast: –

 

59. Add: Depreciation charge

Definition: The depreciation charge for all assets that should be depreciated for the current year

Formula: Average Current year’s Gross fixed asset and Previous year’s Gross fixed asset/Average years assets are depreciated

Forecast: A change in Average years assets are depreciated

 

60. Other changes in accumulated depreciation

Definition: Other changes in accumulated depreciation

Formula: It will automatically adjust the value in the model and it highlighted in black

Forecast: –

 

61. Accumulated depreciation

Definition: Depreciation charges cumulated over the years for assets that are in use (still on the balance sheet) in the company

Formula: Begin accumulated depreciation + Depreciation charge + Other changes in accumulated depreciation

Forecast: Changes in Gross fixed asset growth (%) or Average years assets are depreciated

 

62. Begin assets under construction

Definition: Ending assets under construction from previous year

Formula: Previous year’s Asset under contruction

Forecast: –

 

63. Net change

Definition: Sum of changes in assets under construction during the current year

Formula: Growth in asset under construction (%) x Begin Assets under construction

Forecast: A change in Growth in assets under construction (%)

 

64. Assets under construction

Definition: Tangible assets that are not yet finished, e.g. buildings or equipment that takes a longer time to build

Formula: Begin assets under construction + Net change

Forecast: A change in Growth assets under construction (%) compare to the Begin assets under construction

 

65. Fixed assets

Definition: Long-term tangible assets that are not expected to be consumed or converted into cash for at least one year. The assets the company uses to produce its income.

Formula: Gross fixed assets – Accumulated depreciation – Assets under construction

Forecast: Changes in any forecast variables that impact on the assets

 

66. Begin net intangible assets

Definition: Ending intangible assets from the previous year

Formula: Previous year’s Intangible assets

Forecast: –

 

67. Increase/(Decrease) in intangible assets

Definition: A change of intangible asset value from the previous year

Formula: New intangible assets/Beg intangible assets (%) x Begin net intangible assets

Forecast: Forecast by applying new intangible assets/beg intangible assets (%) to prior year’s intangible assets

 

68. Less: Amortization charge

Definition: The amortization for all intangible assets for the current year

Formula: Intangible assets utilization (Years) x Begin net intangible assets

Forecast: Changes in the intangible asset utilisation (Years)

 

69. Intangible assets

Definition: An asset that is not physical in nature, including intellectual property, patents, trademarks, and copyrights

Formula: Begin net intangible assets + increase/(Decrease) in intangible assets – Amortization charge

Forecast: Any forecast variables that effect on Intangible assets

 

70. Begin net goodwill

Definition: Ending goodwill from the previous year

Formula: Previous year’s Goodwill

Forecast: –

 

71. Increase/(Decrease)

Definition: Sum of changes in goodwill during the current year

Formula: Growth in goodwill (%) x Begin net goodwill

Forecast: Change in a Growth in goodwill (%)

 

72. Goodwill

Definition: Sum of changes in goodwill during the current year

Formula: Begin net goodwill + Increase/(Decrease)

Forecast: All forecast variables that impact on the value of Goodwill

 

75. Other long-term assets

Definition: Other assets that are not classified as investments, property, plant, equipment, or intangible assets, e.g. bond issue costs, long-term prepayments, prepaid pension costs

Formula: Other asset growth (%) x Previous year’s Other long-term assets

Forecast: Forecast by applying a Other asset growth (%) to prior year’s other assets

 

74. Total assets

Definition: The total amount of asset that owned by a company including current, long-term asset, intangible asset, goodwill and others

Formula: Total current assets + Long-term investments + Fixed assets + Intangible assets + Goodwill + Other assets

Forecast: Changes in Current Assets, Long-term investment, Fixed asset, Intangible assets, Goodwill and Other Asset

 

Balance sheet: Liabilities (YE Dec, CNY m)

Obligations of a company to outside parties resulting from business or financing activities.

 

77. Overdrafts & short-term debt

Definition: An account made up of any debt incurred by a company that is due within one year

Formula: It will automatically adjust the value in the model with auto cash balance which hidden in forecast section

Forecast: –

 

78. Current portion of long-term debt

Definition: The amount of long-term debt that is due within one year

Formula: Current portion of LT debt/Total LT debt (%) x Ending Long-term debt

Forecast: A change in percentage of current portion of LT debt to Total LT debt

 

79. Accounts payable

Definition: This account is the amount of money owned by the company to its suppliers. This happens when the company buys on credit, i.e. the supplier has an invoice outstanding to the company

Formula: Payable deferral period (Days)/360 x Cost of goods and services

Forecast: Changes in either Cost of goods and services or Payable deferral period (Days)

 

80. Other current liabilities

Definition: Any other liabilities incurred by a company that are due within one year

Formula: Other current liabilities/sales (%) x Revenue

Forecast: Forecast by applying Other current liabilities/sales (%) to sale for Current Revenue

 

81. Total current liabilities

Definition: Total amount of liabilities that are due within one year

Formula: Overdrafts & short-term debt + Current portion of long-term debt + Account payable + Other current liabilities

Forecast: Any forecast variables that impact on current liabilities as above

 

82. Begin long-term debt

Definition: Ending long-term debt from previous year

Formula: Previous year’s Ending LT debt

Forecast: –

 

83. Increase/(Dec) in long-term debt

Definition: Increase/decrease amount in long-term debt during the year. For example: Increase can be a new bank loan or a new bond issuance. Decrease can be repayment of a bank loan.

Formula: Long-term borrowing growth(%) x (Previous year’s Current portion of Long-term debt + Previous year’s Long-term debt minus current portion of LT debt )

Forecast: Changes in the Long-term borrowing growth (%) or Current portion of LT debt/Total LT dent (%)

 

84. Other items

Definition: Sum of uncategorized items

Formula: It will automatically adjust the value in the model and it highlighted in black

Forecast: –

 

85. Ending long-term debt

Definition: The sum of liabilities which are not going to be paid off within a year and usually used to finance different types of longer term investments

Formula: Begin long-term debt + Increse/(Dec) in long-term debt + Other items

Forecast: Same forecast variables that impact on the long-term debt

 

86. Less: Current portion of long-term debt

Definition: The portion of long-term debt that needs to be paid within one year

Formula: Current portion of long-term debt

Forecast: –

 

87. Long-term debt minus current portion of LT debt

Definition: After deducting current portion of long-term debt, the leftover is available to be paid over next year

Formula: Ending LT debt – Current portion of LT debt

Forecast: Applying Current portion of LT debt/Total LT Debt (%)

 

88. Other long-term liabilities

Definition: Other liabilities which are not going to be paid off within a year

Formula: Other non-current liabilities growth (%) x Previous year’s Other non-current liabilities

Forecast: A change in Other non-current liabilities growth (%)

 

89. Total liabilities

Definition: Total amonunt of the company’s financial debt or obligations to be paid to creditors

Formula: Total current liabilities + LT debt minus current portion of LT debt + Other LT liabilities

Forecast: All forecast variables that effect on liabilities

 

Balance sheet: Equity (YE Dec, CNY m)

Specific information related to the firm’s shares.

 

92. Minority interest

Definition: Also known as non-controlling interest. This is the portion of a subsidiary’s stocks that is not owned by the parent company.

Formula: Previous year’s BS Minority interest – Current P&L Minority interest

Forecast: A change in Minority interest/net profit excluding minority interest (%)

 

94. Paid-up capital – Common shares

Definition: Money the company received from shareholders in exchange for common shares

Formula: Par value x (Ending shares/1 (Share divider))

Forecast: A change in Current year’s Par value or the shares outstanding

 

95. Share premium – Common shares

Definition: The paid-up capital exceeding the par value of common shares

Formula: New shares x (Avg. price shares were sold/bought that year (currency) – Par value)

Forecast: Changes in either the Avg. price shares were sold/bought that year in local currency or the shares outstanding

 

96. Paid-up capital – Preferred shares

Definition: Money the company received from shareholders in exchange for preferred shares

Formula: Par value x (Ending shares/1 (Share divider))

Forecast: A change in Current year’s Par value or the shares outstanding

 

97. Share premium – Preferred shares

Definition: The paid-up capital exceeding the par value of preferred shares

Formula: New shares x (Avg. price shares were sold/bought that year (currency) – Par value)

Forecast: Changes in either the Avg. price shares were sold/bought that year in local currency or the shares outstanding

 

98. Warrants

Definition: Derivatives that give its owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a security (most often a share in the company) at a certain price before the warrants’ expiration

Formula: (Warrant growth (%) x Previous year’s Warrant) + Previous year’s Warrant

Forecast: A change in Warrant growth (%)

 

99. Total paid-up capital

Definition: Total amount of money that a company has received from shareholders in exchange for shares of stock

Formula: Paid-up capital – Common shares + Paid-up capital – Preferred shares + Share premium – Common shares + Share premium – Preferred share + Warrants

Forecast: Any forecast variables that impact on the shares price or the numbers of shares

 

100. Beginning retained earnings

Definition: Retained earnings (see below) from previous year

Formula: Previous year’s Retained earnings

Forecast: –

 

101. Add: Net profit

Definition: See Net profit in P&L

Formula: Net profit

Forecast: Any forecast variables for P&L items

 

102. Accrued dividend – Common shares

Definition: Dividend that is already booked but not yet paid out to common shareholders

Formula: (Dividend per share x Average common shares)/1 (Share divider)

Forecast: Change in Average common shares or Stock dividend – Common shares (%outstanding)

 

103. Accrued dividend – Preferred shares

Definition: Dividend that is already booked but not yet paid out to preferred shareholders

Formula: (Dividend per share x Average preferred shares) / 1 (Share divider)

Forecast: Change in Average preferred shares or Stock dividend – Preferred shares (%outstanding)

 

104. Adjustments

Definition: Catches all account for any uncategorized items

Formula: –

Forecast: –

 

105. Retained earnings

Definition: Portion of net profit that is not paid out as dividends, but retained by the company for future investments in the business

Formula: Beginning retained earnings + Net profit + Accrued dividends + Adjustments

Forecast: Any forecast variables that impact on the net profit or a company’s dividend policy e.g. dividend payout ratio (%) and Stock dividend (% outstanding)

 

106. Unrealized investment gain/(loss)

Definition: Amount of gain or loss from investments that has not yet been realized. For example, if the company’s accounting standards are to book to market value at the end of the year and they have bought a share in another company for 100. If the share by the end of the year trades at 90, the company will have an unrealized investment loss of 10

Formula: (1 + Unrealized investment gain/(loss) growth(%))x Previous year’s Unrealized investment gain/(loss)

Forecast: A change in Unrealized investment gain/(loss) growth (%)

 

107. Revaluation/Foreign exchange/Others

Definition: Revaluation is when company reappraise its assets (normally fixed-assets), e.g. lands, building. It’ll book the gain or revaluation to equity

Formula: (1 + Revaluation/forex/others growth (%)) x Previous year’s Unrealized investment gain/(loss) Forecast: A change in Revaluation/forex/others growth (%)

 

108. Total shareholders’ equity

Definition: Total amount of both current and long-term liabilities plus total shareholders’ equity Formula: Total paid-up capital + share premium + warrant) + (Retrained earnings + Unrealized investment gain/(loss) + Revaluation/Forex/Others)

Forecast: All forecast variables that effect on Shareholders’ equity except Minority interest

 

109. Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Definition: Total amount of both current and long-term liabilities plus total shareholders’ equity

Formula: Total liabilities + Total shareholders’ equity

Forecast: Any forecast variables that changes any items on the Total shareholders’ equity or Total liabilities

 

110. Check: This must equal zero

Definition: Model feature that controls so the balance sheet balances

Formula: Total Asset – Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Forecast: –

 

Supplemental (YE Dec)

Additional information on the shareholder’s equity statement

Share detail (m):

 

114. Outstanding common shares

Definition: Total number of common shares outstanding

Formula: Ending shares (Common shares)

Forecast: A change in numbers of shares can effect on the common shares outstanding

 

115. Outstanding preferred shares

Definition: Total numbers of preferred shares outstanding

Formula: Ending shares (Preferred shares)

Forecast: A change in numbers of shares can effect on the preferred shares outstanding

 

116. Total shares

Definition: Total numbers of common and preferred shares outstanding

Formula: Outstanding common shares + Outstanding preferred shares

Forecast: Changes in either common or preferred shares outstanding

 

117. Simple average

Definition: Average of total shares outstanding the current year and last year

Formula: Total average shares

Forecast: Changes in either common or preferred shares outstanding

 

118. Fully diluted shares

Definition: The total number of shares that would be outstanding if all derivatives (e.g. warrants and stock options) or other instruments that can be converted in to shares were exercised

Formula: Fully diluted weighted average shares

Remarks: A change in share outstanding or average shares would effect on the fully diluted weighted average shares

 

Per share data (CNY)

 

121. Reported earnings per share (EPS)

Definition: The reported portion of company’s profit that is allocated to each common stock

Formula: Reported net profit/Total shares outstanding

Forecast: Changes in Total shares outstanding or Net profit

 

122. Reported fully diluted EPS (FDEPS)

Definition: The reported portion of company’s profit that is allocated to each common stock using Fully diluted shares

Formula: Unadjusted par value/ Current year’s Par value (local currency) / (1+ Stock dividend Common shares (%))

Forecast: Forecast by various variables such ash Stock dividend – Common shares (%), Par Value (local currency)

 

123. Earnings per share (EPS)

Definition: The portion of company’s profit that is allocated to each common stock

Formula: Net profit/Total average shares (m)

Forecast: Changes in Net profit or numbers of shares outstanding

 

124. Recurring FDEPS bef forex adj

Definition: The portion of company’s recurring profit that is allocated to each common stock using Fully diluted shares before adjusting for exchange rate impact

Formula: Recurring profit before forex adjustment / (fully diluted weighted average shares/1 (Share divider))

Forecast: Changes in Recurring profit before forex adjustment or Fully diluted weighted average shares

 

125. Recurring FDEPS

Definition: The portion of company’s recurring profit that is allocated to each common stock using Fully diluted shares

Formula: Recurring profit after tax / ((fully diluted weighted average shares/1 (Share divider))

Forecast: Changes in recurring profit after tax or Fully diluted weighted average shares

 

126. Dividend per share (DPS)

Definition: The amount of cash dividend the shareholders receive for each share they own

Formula: If Recurring FDEPS is zero, then uses Dividend payout ratio – Common shares (%) x Recurring FDEPS bef forex adj, if not then Dividend payout ratio common shares (%) x Recurring FDEPS

Forecast: Changes in Dividend payout ratio – Common shares (%), the value of Recurring FDEPS or Recurring FDEPS bef forex adj

 

127. Dividend per share – Pref shares

Definition: The amount of cash dividend the shareholders receive for each preferred share they own

Formula: If Recurring FDEPS is zero, then uses Dividend payout ratio – Preferred shares (%) x Recurring FDEPS bef forex adj, if not then  Dividend payout ratio preferred shares (%) x Recurring FDEPS

Forecast: Changes in Dividend payout ratio – Prefered shares (%), the value of Recurring FDEPS or Recurring FDEPS bef forex adj

 

128. Book value per share (BVPS)

Definition: Total value of common shareholders’ equity per share

Formula: Total shareholders’ equity / (Total shareholders’ equity/1 (Share divider))

Forecast: Change in Total shareholder’s equity

 

Cash flow (YE Dec, CNY m)

Cash flows resulting from previous items.

 

131. Net profit

Definition: Net profit, see P&L

Formula: P&L Net profit

Forecast: Any forecast variables for P&L

 

132. Depreciation

Definition: Depreciation, see P&L Supplemental

Formula: BS Depreciation charge

Forecast: A change in Gross fixed asset growth (%) or Average years assets are depreciated

 

133. Amortization

Definition: Amortization, see P&L Supplemental

Formula: BS Amortization charge

Forecast: A change in New intangible assets/Beg intangible assets (%) or Intangible asset utilisation (Years)

 

134. (Increase)/Decrease in the net working capital

Definition: Change in the sum of all current assets minus current liabilities in a business, showing the short-term liquidity of a business

Formula: (Previous year’s Account receivable, Inventory and Other current assets – Current year’s Account receivable, Inventory and Other current assets) + (Current year’s in Account payable and Other current liabilities – Previous year’s in Account payable and Other current liabilities)

Forecast: All forecast variables that effect on the net working capital. See all items in the formula

 

135. Other non-cash items

Definition: Other items that are not cash such as a check, draft

Formula: Total change in Revaluation/Foreign exchange/Others – Increase/Decrease in goodwill + Total change in unrealized investment gain/(loss) – Equity income from associates

Forecast: See all items in the formula

 

136. Operating cash flow

Definition: The amount of cash generated by a company’s normal business operation

Formula: Net profit + Depreciation + Amortization + (Increase)/Decrease in net working capital + Other con-cash items

Forecast: Changes in all forecast variables that impact on the business operating activities

 

137. Capital expenditures (CAPEX)

Definition: CAPEX, see Balance Sheet above

Formula: Net change in gross fixed asset – Net change

Forecast: A change in the gross fixed asset growth (%) or Asset under contruction (%)

 

138. (Increase)/Decrease of long-term investments

Definition: Changes in long-term investments, see Balance Sheet above

Formula: Net new long term investment – Increase/decrease in goodwill

Forecast: Change in Growth in goodwill (%) or Net new long term investment (local currency)

 

139. Other investments

Definition: Catch all account for any uncategorized items

Formula: Current year’s Other long-term assets – Previous year’s Other long-term assets – Increase/(Decrease) in intangible assets

Forecast: Any forecast variables that impact on Intangible assets or Other long-term assets

 

140. Investing cash flow

Definition: The amount of cash the company received from or used to finance its investments

Formula: Capital expenditures (CAPEX) + (Increase)/Decrease of long-term investments + Other investments

Forecast: All forecast variables that impact on the CAPEX, (Increase)/Decrease of long-term investments or Other Investments

 

141. Increase/(Decrease) in short-term debt

Definition: Change in the amount of short-term debt from last period

Formula: Overdrafts & short-term debt – Previous year’s Overdrafts & short-term debt

Forecast: It is automatically adjust in the model

 

142. Increase/(Decrease) in long-term debt

Definition: Change in the amount of long-term debt from last period

Formula: Long-term debt minus current portion of LT debt + Current portion of long-term debt – Previous year’s Long-term debt minus current portion of LT debt – Previous year’s current portion of long-term debt

Forecast: All forecast variables that effect the long-term debt

 

143. Dividends paid

Definition: Total cash used to pay dividends to shareholders

Formula: Accrued dividend – Common shares + Accrued dividend – Preferred shares

Forecast: Changes in either Accrued dividend – Common shares or Accrued dividend – Preferred shares

 

144. Change in equity

Definition: Change in value of equity, e.g if a company raises capital through a new share issuance

Formula: (Current year’s Paid-up capital – Common shares + Share premium – Common shares + Paid-up capital – Preferred shares + Share premium preferred shares + warrants) – (Previous year’s Paid-up capital – Common shares + Share premium – Common shares + Paid-up capital – Preferred shares + Share premium preferred shares + warrants)

Forecast: Any forecast variables that will effect on the equity value and shares outstanding

 

145. Others

Definition: Catches all accounts for uncategorized financing items

Formula: Minority interest – Previous year’s Minority interest + (Other LT liabilities – Previous year’s Other LT liabilities)

Forecast: –

 

146. Financing cash flow

Definition: Cash that the company uses to finance both operating and investing activities either by debt or equity

Formula: Increase/(Decrease) in short-term debt + Increase/(decrease) in long-term debt + Dividends paid + Change in equity + Others

Forecast: Any change in short-term debt, long-term debt, Dividends paid or Change in equity

 

147. Net inc/(dec) in cash and cash equivalents

Definition: Net changes in liquid asset such as cash and other assets that can quickly be turned into cash

Formula: Operating cash flow + Investing cash flow + Financing cash flow

Forecast: All forecast variables that effect on the items on Operating cash flow, Investing cash flow and Financing cash flow

 

148. Beginning cash

Definition: Cash left in the firm from last year

Formula: Previous year’s Ending cash

 

149. Adjustment for historic data

Definition: Adjustments in the model to deal with differences in historical data

Formula: It will automatically adjust the value in the model and highlight it in black

 

150. Ending cash

Definition: The amoung of cash the company has after operating, investing and financing activities

Formula: Net inc/(dec) in cash and cash equivalents + Adjustment for historic data + Ending cash

Forecast: Changes in any cash outflow or inflow for Cash flow statement

 

151. Check: This must equal zero

Definition: Model feature to check Cash flow statement

Formula: Ending cash – Cash & short-term investment

 

Forecast variables: Profit & loss:

 

154. Revenue growth (%)

Definition: Growth in the company’s sales from previous year

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

155. Gross profit margin (%)

Definition: Margin that shows how much profit the company makes after production costs, indicating the pricing or cost control strategy

Formula: (Revenue – Cost of goods and services) / Revenue

Forecast: Plug in your estimated margin in %

 

156. SG&A/sales (%)

Definition: SG&A-to-sales ratio. Shows how much SG&A the company pays for each 100 in Sales

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

157. Other operating income/(exp) growth (%)

Definition: See P&L

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

158. EBIT margin (%)

Definition: Percentage of operating profit to revenue, also it can measure a company’s pricing strategy and operating efficiency

Formula: Earnings before interest and taxes(EBIT)/Revenue

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

159. Interest rate – Paid (%)

Definition: Average interest rate paid on all interest-bearing debt

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated percentage (%)

 

160. Interest rate – Earned (%)

Definition: Interest rate earned by held cash in the bank account or invest in other ST investment

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated percentage (%)

 

161. Other non-operating income/(exp) growth (%)

Definition: See P&L

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

162. Effective tax rate (%)

Definition: Average tax rate paid

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated percentage (%)

 

163. Earnings after tax (EAT) margin (%)

Definition: Margin that shows the company’s profit after tax

Formula: Earnings after tax(EAT)/Revenue

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

164. P&L equity income/BS LT investments (%)

Definition: See P&L and Balance sheet for definitions. Ratio shows how much equity income the company generates from 100 in long-term investments

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

165. Foreign exchange gain/(loss) growth

Definition: See P&L

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

166. Exceptional item growth

Definition: See P&L

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

167. Net margin (%)

Definition: The amount of net profit returned as percentage of revenue

Formula: Net profit/Revenue

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

168. Net profit growth (%)

Definition: Growth in net profit that is left for its owners compared to last period of time

Formula: (Net profit / Net profit from previous period – 1) x 100

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

169. Minority interest/net profit excluding minority interest (%)

Definition: See P&L and Balance sheet for definitions. Ratio is used to estimate the income/expense resulting from minority interest in the P&L

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

Forecast variables: Assets

 

171. Cash & short-term investment/sales (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet. Ratio shows how much the company keeps in cash from every 100 in sales

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

173. Receivables collection period (days)

Definition: Number of days it takes for a business to receive payments from its customers paying on credit

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in numbers of days

 

174. Inventory conversion period (days)

Definition: How many days it takes for the company to produce a product, from it orders the raw material until it’s sold

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in numbers of days

 

175. Other current assets/sales (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet.

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

176. Net new long term investment (CNY m)

Definition: Net amount (i.e. sum of additions and disposals) of long-term investment. Value in reported currency

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in new long term investment in local currency

 

177. Long-term investment growth (%)

Definition: Changes in long-term investments calculated by the model

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item but a change in net new long-term investment will effect on the long-term investment growth (%)

 

178. Gross fixed asset growth (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet.

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

179. Average year assets are depreciated

Definition: Average numbers of years assets are depreciated over

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in numbers of years

 

180. Growth in assets under construction (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

181. Intangible asset utilization (Years)

Definition: Average numbers of years until an intangible asset is fully depreciated

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in numbers of years

 

182. New intangible assets/Beg intangible assets (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

183. Growth in goodwill (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

184. Other asset growth (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

185. Total asset growth (%)

Definition: Changes in the total assets from previous year calculated by the model

Formula: (Total assets – Previous year’s Total assets) / Previous year’s Total assets x 100

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

186. Revenue per CNY100 of assets

Definition: The ratio is known as Asset turnover or Asset utilization and measures the efficiency of a company: How much revenue is generated for every 100 in assets. Calculated by the model

Formula: Revenue/Average total assets

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

187. Return on assets (%)

Definition: How much net profit that is generated for every 100 in assets. Return on assets measures the profitability of a company and doesn’t take capital structure into account. Calculated by the model

Formula: Net income/Total assets

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

Forecast variables: Liabilities

 

190. Current portion of LT debt/Total LT debt (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

191. Payables deferral period (days)

Definition: Average number of days it takes for the company to pay its suppliers when the company has purchased on credit

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in numbers of days

 

192. Other current liabilities/sales (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated ratio in %

 

193. Long-term borrowing growth (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

194. Other non-current liabilities growth (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in your estimated growth in %

 

195. BS minority int/total equity + minority interests

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: (Minority interest / Net profit + Minority interest) x 100

Forecast: Non-forecast item

Forecast variables: Shares

Common shares:

 

199. Par value (CNY)

Definition: Par value is mainly for legal purposes and is usually tiny. It represents a minimum amount that stockholders’ equity can’t drop below and was originally designed as a protection for creditors.

Formula: –

Forecast: A stock split will have impact on the Par value (local currency)

 

200. Beginning shares (m)

Definition: Number of outstanding commons shares as of previous year end

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item.

 

201. Add: New shares (m)

Definition: An increase/decrease in number of common shares outstanding resulting from issuing new shares or buying back shares

Formula: –

Forecast: Change in the numbers of new shares issued by a company

 

202. Avg. price shares were sold/bought that year (CNY)

Definition: Ending number of common shares outstanding including new shares and stock dividend

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in the average price shares were sold/bought that year in local currency

 

204. Ending shares (m)

Definition: A dividend payment made in form of additional common shares

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item. But a change in Par value or the shares outstanding could effect on the ending shares

 

205. Average shares (m)

Definition: Average amount of common shares

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item. But a change in the numbers of shares outstanding could have an impact

 

Preferred shares:

 

207. Par value (CNY)

Definition: Shares held by shareholders with special rights (e.g. fixed dividend, higher claim on asset, no voting rights)

Formula: –

Forecast: –

 

208. Beginning shares (m)

Definition: Par value is mainly for legal purposes and is usually tiny. It represents a minimum amount that stockholders’ equity can’t drop below and was originally designed as a protection for creditors.

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item. But a change in Previous year’s Par value or the shares outstanding could effect on the beginning shares

 

209. Add: New shares (m)

Definition: New shares issued by a company

Formula: –

Forecast: Changes in the numbers of new shares issued by a company

 

210. Avg. price shares were sold/bought that year (CNY)

Definition: An increase/decrease in number of preferred shares outstanding resulting from issuing new shares or buying back shares

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in the average price shares were sold/bought that year in local currency

 

212. Ending shares (m)

Definition: A dividend payment made in form of additional preferred shares

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item. But a change in Par value or the shares outstanding could effect on the ending shares

 

213. Average shares (m)

Definition: Ending number of preferred shares outstanding including new shares and stock dividend

Formula: –

Forecast: This is non-forecast item. But a change in the numbers of shares outstanding could have an impact

 

214. Total average shares (m)

Definition: Average of current year’s and previous year’s number of preferred shares outstanding

Formula: –

Forecast: Changes in Total average shares

 

215. Fully diluted weighted average shares

Definition: Total average shares outstanding of common and preferred shares

Formula: –

Forecast: Changes in either Par value or Total average shares

 

216. Fully diluted multiplier

Definition: See Balance sheet. Weighted average takes into consideration any changes in the number of outstanding shares over the reporting period

Formula: –

Forecast:

 

217. Warrant growth (%)

Definition: A growth of derivative instrument called warrant that issued by a company

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in the growth rate (%)

 

218. Dividend payout ratio – Common shares (%)

Definition: The portion of dividends paid to common shareholders as a percentage of net income

Formula: –

Forecast: Applying the growth rate of prior’s Dividend payout ratio – Common shares (%) or changes in company’s dividend policy

 

219. Dividend payout ratio – Preferred shares (%)

Definition: The amount of dividends paid to preferred shareholders relative to the amount of net income

Formula: –

Forecast: Applying the growth rate of prior’s Dividend payout ratio – Preferred shares (%) or changes in company’s dividend policy

 

220. Stock dividend – Common shares (% outstanding)

Definition: The numbers of stocks paid for dividend relative to common shares outstanding

Formula: –

Forecast: Applying the growth rate of prior’s Stock dividend – Common shares (%outstanding) or changes in company’s dividend payment policy

 

221. Stock dividend – Preferred shares (% outstanding)

Definition: The numbers of stocks paid for dividend relative to preferred shares outstanding

Formula: –

Forecast: Applying the growth rate of prior’s Stock dividend – Preferred shares (%outstanding) or changes in company’s dividend payment policy

 

222. Unrealized investment gain/(loss) growth (%)

Definition: Increases or decreases in the value of an asset that has not been sold

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in growth rate in percentage (%)

 

223. Revaluation/forex/others growth (%)

Definition: See Balance sheet

Formula: –

Forecast: Plug in growth rate in percentage (%)

 

224. Return on equity (ROE) (%)

Definition: How much net profit that is generated for every 100 in Equity. Return on equity (ROE) measures the profitability of a company. ROE differs from return on assets as the capital structure of the company is considered. For example, increased leverage increases ROE, all else equal. Calculated by the model

Formula: Net income/Total shareholders’ equity

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

225. Recurring ROE including forex gain/(loss) (%)

Definition: Uses recurring profit before forex adjustment instead of net profit to calculate ROE

Formula: Recurring profit before forex adjustment/Total shareholders’ equity

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

226. Recurring ROE (%)

Definition: Uses recurring profit instead of net profit to calculate ROE

Formula: Recurring profit after tax/Total shareholders’equity

Forecast: This is a model output based on your forecasted input variables above

 

227. Invested capital

Definition: Invested capital includes total debt, equity & minorities and non-operating cash and investments

Formula: Invested capital = total debt + equity & minorities + non-operating cash and investments; Total debt = overdrafts & short-term debt + current portion of long-term debt + lon-term debt minus current portion of long-term debt; Equity & minorities = total shareholders’ equity + minority interest; Non-operating cash and investments = cash and short-term investments + long-term investments;